Email this article 
Desain Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Industri Pengolahan Makanan Ringan Berbasis Klaster di Sumatera Barat
Abstract
Food processing industries has grown in the region of West Sumatra since a few decades ago. The processing of various types of food recipes from various West Sumatra region comes from inheritance hereditary. Snack is a processed food product that has a special attraction among various types of distinctive food from West Sumatra. Increasing competitiveness is necessary to accelerate the growth of small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatera. Industrial cluster development is one of the strategic and effective approach to achieve that objective. The research aims to design value chain and industrial cluster map model of small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatra. Industrial cluster mapping carried through: defining the value chain, grouping of factors influence level of internal and external factors, factors condition processing, grouping factor conditions into the four elements of SWOT, strategy planning using SWOT Matrix, and creating industrial cluster map of snacks industries in West Sumatra. The results showed that there are 7 internal factors and 6 external factors that can influence competitiveness of small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatra. The value chain of snack industry in West Sumatra includes tuber farmers, traditional market, special suppliers, small and medium snacks industries, and consumers. The study also generate 10 programs centered on small and medium snacks industries in West Sumatra as core industry.
Keywords: Industrial cluster, competitiveness, SWOT Matrix, Porter’s Diamond Model
Abstrak
Industri pengolahan pangan telah berkembang di wilayah Sumatera Barat sejak beberapa dekade yang lalu. Kondisi ini dibuktikan melalui resep pengolahan berbagai jenis makanan yang menjadi daya tarik ataupun simbol setiap daerah di Sumatera Barat berasal dari warisan secara turun-menurun. Makanan ringan merupakan produk olahan pangan yang memiliki daya tarik tersendiri diantara berbagai jenis makanan khas Sumatera Barat lainnya. Peningkatan daya saing diperlukan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) makanan ringan Sumatera Barat. Pembangunan klaster industri merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang strategis dan efektif untuk mencapai hal tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk merancang model rantai nilai dan peta klaster IKM makanan ringan Sumatera Barat. Pemetaan klaster industri dilaksanakan melalui: pendefinisian rantai nilai, pengelompokan tingkat pengaruh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal, pengolahan kondisi faktor, pengelompokan kondisi faktor ke dalam empat elemen SWOT, perancangan strategi menggunakan Matriks SWOT, dan pembuatan peta klaster industri makanan ringan Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 faktor internal dan 6 faktor eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan daya saing IKM makanan ringan Sumatera Barat. Rantai nilai meliputi petani umbi-umbian Sumatera Barat, pasar tradisional, pemasok khusus, IKM makanan ringan Sumatera Barat, dan konsumen. Penelitian juga menghasilkan 10 program yang berpusat pada IKM makanan ringan Sumatera Barat sebagai core industry.
Kata kunci: Klaster industri, daya saing, Matriks SWOT, Porter’s Diamond Model
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bergman, E. M., dan Feser, E. J. (2000). National Industry Cluster Templates: A Framework for Applied Regional Cluster Analysis. Regional Studies February 2000.
Ceglie, G., dan Dini, M. (1999). SME Cluster and Network Development in Developing Country: The Experience of UNIDO. Industrial Conference on Building a Modern and Effective Development Service Industry for Small Enterprises. Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development. Rio de Janeiro, 2-5 March.
Departemen Perindustrian dan Perdagangan. (2000). Strategi Industri Nasional. Jakarta: Departemen Perindustrian dan Perdagangan.
Malecki, E. J. (1999). Knowledge and Regional Competitiveness. Paper prepared for presentation at The International Symposium: Knowledge, Education and Space. Heidelberg, Germany, September 1999.
Nugroho, B. P. et al. (2011).Panduan Pengembangan Klaster Industri. Jakarta: Badan Pengkaji dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2000). Industrial Cluster Definition. Diakses pada tanggal 10 Maret 2013 dari http://www.oecd.org
Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Nomor 137/M-IND/PER/10/2009 tentang Peta Panduan (RoadMap) Pengembangan Klaster Industri Makanan Ringan.
Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2008 tentang Kebijakan Industri Nasional.
Porter, M. E. (1990). Competitive Advantage of Nation. New York: Wordpress.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Cluster and New Economic of Competition. Harvard Business Review, November-December, pp. 77-90.
Queiroz, B. L. (2002). Differential and the Social Return to Education: A Hierarchical Approach. Barkeley: Department of Demography, University of California.
Roelandt, T. J. A., dan den Hertog, P. (1998). Cluster Analysis & Cluster-Based Policy in OECD-Countries: Various Approaches, Early Result & Policy Implications. Report by the Focus Group on: Industrial clusters Draft synthesis report on phase 11. OECD-Focus Group on industrial clusters. Presented at the 2nd OECD-Workshop on Cluster Analysis and Cluster-Based Policy. Vienna, 4-5 May, The Hague/ Utrecht.
Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1984 tentang Perindustrian.
Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1995 tentang Usaha Kecil.
